Our study included six populations contrasting in patch and population size (Large vs. Small) within a fragmented landscape ASP2215 supplier characterized by similar to 1% of potential forest coverage. The breeding system in Myrtus communis was self-compatible, but compared with natural pollination, fruit set increased with pollen addition (quantity limited), and seed set (brood size) increased with outcross pollen

addition (quality limited). While the pollinator assemblage in Large patches was taxonomically diverse, it was almost monopolized by honeybees in Small patches, where visitation rates were highest and wild bee species were almost absent. In general, Small populations were less pollen limited for fruit set than Large populations, particularly those that received the highest rates of honeybee visits. However, despite differences in fragmentation and pollinators between Large and Small populations, seed production patterns (brood size and seed mass) were rather similar among them, in agreement with similar pollen limitation levels found for brood size. A higher susceptibility of native pollinators to the presence of honeybee hives was found in Small patches, suggesting that the pollinator assemblage may be severely altered when fragmentation occurs in combination BMS-754807 with beekeeping. We discuss its implications and effects on plant

reproduction in fragmented areas. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Sporotrichosis

is a subacute or chronic fungal infection caused by the NVP-LDE225 chemical structure ubiquitous fungus Sporothrix schenckii. Disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis is an uncommon entity and is usually present in the immunosuppressed. Here, a case of disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis in an immunocompetent patient is reported. This 70-year-old healthy woman presented with multiple painful ulcerated nodules on her face and upper and lower extremities of 6-month duration, associated with low-grade fever, night sweats, loss of appetite, and loss of weight. Histopathological examination of the skin biopsy revealed epidermal hyperplasia and granulomatous inflammation in the dermis, with budding yeast. Fungal culture identified S. schenckii. She had total resolution of the lesions after 2 weeks of intravenous amphotericin B and 8 months of oral itraconazole. All investigations for underlying immunosuppression and internal organ involvement were negative. This case reiterates that disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis, although common in the immunosuppressed, can also be seen in immunocompetent patients. (C) 2011 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Marine protected areas can enhance fish stocks within their boundaries, but the circumstances in which they might also supplement stocks or enhance fisheries outside their boundaries are less clear.

Follicle size on Day 1, 2 and 8 was smaller in C than in SW (p = 0.05). Ovulation rate was similar, but C sows Danusertib solubility dmso had higher embryo survival rate (ESR) than SW sows (83 +/- 19 and 58 +/- 31%, respectively; p = 0.001). SW sows with low ESR (<63%; n = 10) had a greater follicle size on days 36 than SW sows with high ESR (>63%; n = 10; p = 0.04). A decrease in follicle size between Day 5 and 6 of altrenogest feeding was associated with increased ESR in both treatments (p = 0.002). Follicle pool analyses (assessment of all follicles >2 mm) revealed that on Day 3, sows with low ESR had a higher % of follicles >5 mm compared with sows

with high ESR (30% vs 10%; p = 0.04). Thus, sows in which follicle growth was less suppressed during altrenogest feeding had a lower ESR. These effects on follicle development and ESR were more pronounced in split-weaned sows.”
“Purpose of review

Despite advanced medical and device-based therapies, congestive heart failure (CHF) remains a major medical problem, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in CHF and

is associated with poor outcomes. In this manuscript we review the evidence linking vitamin D deficiency and CHF and discuss potential mechanisms involved, as well the clinical data on vitamin D supplementation BMS-777607 in vitro in CHF patients.

Recent findings

A clear relationship has been established between Vitamin D deficiency and increased mortality and morbidity in CHF. However, the mechanism involved is not clearly understood. Recent clinical and experimental evidence have identified the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and inflammatory cytokines as likely mediators that can lead to poor clinical outcomes via the cardiorenal syndrome. Clinical data on vitamin D supplementation also remain unestablished, with potential clinical benefits recently reported in patients with vitamin D deficiency. Nonetheless, large-scale randomized clinical trials are lacking.

Summary

Vitamin

D is an emerging agent with tremendous potential and may represent a novel target for therapy in CHF. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanism(s) involved Selleckchem Nepicastat in the pathophysiology as well as to adequately examine the role of Vitamin D measurement and supplementation in patients with CHF.”
“Contents The Fas antigen is a transmembrane receptor that can trigger apoptosis in a variety of somatic cells. Ovarian follicular atresia and luteolysis are thought to occur by apoptosis. To reveal the intracellular signal transduction molecules involved in the process of follicular development in the bovine ovary, Fas gene without the stop codon was amplified in the present study using RT-PCR and directly cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pAcGFP-N1. The resultant recombinant plasmid pAcGFP-bFas was then transfected into bovine follicular granulosa cells.

Summary

The new OACs

represent a major advance for patients with atrial fibrillation with the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality due to cardioembolic stroke.”
“PreS1 is a hypothetical candidate domain of L protein for hepatitis B virus (HBV) to adhere to and invade host hepatic cells. This report deals with the expression and purification of recombinant adw2 subtype of the preS1 peptide of hepatitis B virus surface antigen in Escherichia coli. The DNA GDC-0068 molecular weight fragments of the full-length or N/C terminal sequence of preS1 synthesized by PCR were inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pGST-MOLUC, respectively. Reconstitute plasmids (named pGST-preS1, pGST-preS1N, and pGST-preS1C) were confirmed by sequencing analysis and

transferred into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Recombinant full-length and N/C terminal of preS1 with GST tag were expressed at high levels in soluble form after induction with IPTG. The recombinant proteins were purified by a single-step affinity chromatography method. The immune reactivity of recombinant preS1 was confirmed by Western blot and virus capture assay. Furthermore, when the purified recombinant protein was used to immunize rabbit, the specific antibody titer can reach 10(-7). Thus, our successful expression system and achievement of purified recombinant preS1 protein and its polyclonal antibody lay the foundation for better understanding of the mechanism

VS-4718 price of HBV PreS1 protein in virus endocytosis and are helpful in seeking the PreS1-related protein.”
“Objective. Selleck Y27632 To characterize two groups of asthmatics who had achieved remission and those who had not achieved remission of asthma. Methods. The study was a retrospective cohort study based on 117 asthmatic children who participated in a previous study. We categorized the children into two groups: asthmatics with remission versus asthmatics without remission. We defined remission of asthma as lack of symptoms/signs of asthma or asthma-related medications or health care services for at least three consecutive years. Long-term remission was defined by no relapse of asthma after achieving remission. We characterized these groups. Results. Of the 117 subjects, 70 (60%) were male, 91 (78%) were Caucasians, and the mean age at index date of asthma was 8.1 years. A total of 59 asthmatic children (50%) achieved remission and 28 asthmatics (24%) achieved long-term remission. Asthmatics with remission were more likely to be Caucasian (87%) compared to those without (69%) (p = .039) There were no differences in the frequency of visits for viral (0.3 vs. 0.4 per person-years, p = .29) or bacterial infections (0.7 vs. 0.5 per person-years, p = .49) between asthmatics with and without remission.

(C) 2009 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons”
“PURPOSE: To compare and evaluate the visual and refractive outcomes of myopic wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)

and foldable phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation for myopia.

SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands.

DESIGN: Comparative case series.

METHODS: The differences in visual acuity and residual refractive outcomes after wavefront-guided PRK and Artiflex foldable pIOL implantation were compared in eyes with low to moderate myopia (spherical error -4.0 to -7.0 diopters [D]; maximum cylinder 2.25 D). One-year follow-up results are presented.

RESULTS: At 1 year postoperatively, the mean decimal Snellen uncorrected distance visual acuity was 1.05 +/- 0.21 (SD) in the PRK group (60 eyes) and 1.04 +/- 0.21 in the pIOL group (33 eyes) and the mean corrected Navitoclax distance visual acuity (CDVA), 1.21 +/-

0.18 buy CH5183284 and 1.24 +/- 0.13, respectively. In the PRK group, 21.7% of eyes lost 1 to 3 lines of CDVA and 11.7% of eyes gained 1 or 2 lines. In the pIOL group, no eye lost lines of CDVA and 42% gained 1 or 2 lines. At 1 year, 80.0% of eyes in the PRK group and 90.9% of eyes in the pIOL group were within +/- 0.50 D of the spherical equivalent.

CONCLUSION: There were no statistically significant differences in safety and efficacy between the pIOL group and the PRK group at 1 year. However, the percentage of eyes that gained lines of CDVA was significantly higher in the pIOL group.”
“The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in antiferromagnetic borocarbide superconductor RNi2B2C (R = Dy, Ho, and Er) compounds have been investigated by measuring the temperature and field dependences of heat capacity. An inverse MCE was observed, which is attributed to the nature of the antiferromagnetic state under low magnetic field and at low temperatures for the

present RNi2B2C compounds. A normal giant/large MCE was observed under higher magnetic field change, which is related to a field-induced first-order metamagnetic transition from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic state. For a field change of 5 T, the maximum values of magnetic entropy change (-Delta S-M(max)) reach 17.6, 17.7, and 9.8 J kg(-1) K-1 for R = Dy, Cilengitide molecular weight Ho, and Er, respectively. The corresponding values of maximum adiabatic temperature changes (Delta T-ad(max)) are 9.7, 11, and 4.6 K. The present results indicated the antiferromagnetic borocarbide superconductor RNi2B2C compounds could be promising candidates for low temperature magnetic refrigeration. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3625250]“
“Two flavonoids 3,5,7,3′,4′-pentahydroxy-6-prenylflavonol (1) and 3,5,7,3′,4′-pentahydroxy-8-methyl-6-prenylflavonol (2) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of sheaths of Vellozia kolbekii Alves (Velloziaceae). This is the first time that compound 2 has been described.

The study also highlights that, differently from the others variables studied, a continuous CI use influences significantly speech perception and recognition outcomes. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“A sensitive, selective and specific LC-MS/MS assay for simultaneous quantification of compound 97/78 and its active in vivo metabolite 97/63, a novel 1,2,4-trioxane antimalarial, in BMS-345541 in vivo human plasma has been developed and validated using alpha-arteether as internal standard (IS). Extraction

from plasma involves a simple protein precipitation method. The analytes were chromatographed on a Columbus C(18) column with guard by isocratic elution with acetonitrile:ammonium acetate buffer (10 mM, pH 4.0) (80:20 v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.45 mL min(-1) and analyzed in multiple reaction-monitoring (MRM) positive ion mode. The chromatographic run time was 4.0 min. The weighted (1/x(2)) calibration curves were linear

over a range of 1.56-200 ng mL(-1) with correlation coefficients >0.998. For both analytes, the limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) were 0.5 ng mL(-1) and 1.56 ng mL(-1), respectively. The recovery of 97/78, 97/63 and IS from spiked control samples were >90% and their matrix suppression obtained AZD0530 research buy were <8%. The accuracy (% bias) and precision (%RSD) for both analytes were <6.78%. Both analytes were stable after three freeze-thaw cycles (% deviation <12.80), long-term for 30 days in plasma at -60 degrees C (% deviation <14.38), for 8 h on bench top in plasma at ambient temperature (% deviation <1.52) and also in the auto-sampler for 12 h (% deviation <3.9%). The validated method was successfully applied to a protein binding study of selleck chemicals llc compound 97/78 and metabolite 97/63 in human plasma. Furthermore, the validated method will be applicable to pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and metabolism in various clinical phases and in drug interaction studies.”
“Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness (ARNSD or DFNB) is a

very common genetically heterogenous disorder. Although DFNB1 mutations are known to be the most frequent cause of this disorder, they are largely dependent on ethnic groups. The aims of our study are to specify the prevalence and the spectrum of GJB2 mutations as well as the prevalence of GJB6 large deletion in Tunisian population.

Patients and methods: 95 unrelated patients with moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss have been tested. The GJB2 coding region has been studied by PCR/Sequencing and the del(GJB6-D13S1830) mutation has been screened by fluorescent PCR multiplex.

Results: 27.36% of patients present mutations on both alleles of GJB2 gene and no one has the del(GJB6-D13S1830) mutation. The c.

The present study assessed how changes in Ulixertinib supplier saliva composition under UKB conditions influence a range of potential biomarkers resulting from holding saliva at 4 degrees C for 24 h.

Methods Unstimulated

whole-mouth saliva samples were collected from 23 volunteers aged 45-69 years. Salivas were split into aliquots some of which were immediately frozen at -80 degrees C, whereas others were stored at 4 degrees C for 24 h and then frozen at -80 degrees C, mimicking the UKB protocol.

Results Assessment of mRNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed no difference between samples that were analysed after the UKB protocol and those that were immediately preserved. Immunochemical analysis showed some loss of beta-Actin under UKB conditions, whereas other salivary proteins including cytokines and C-reactive protein Smad inhibitor appeared to be unaffected. Cortisol and showed no reduction by UKB conditions, but salivary nitrite was reduced by 30%. The oral microbiome, as revealed by sequencing 16S rRNA genes, showed variations between subjects, but paired samples within subjects were very similar.

Conclusions Our

results suggest that many salivary components remain little affected under UKB collection and handling protocols, suggesting that the resource of 120 000 samples held in storage will be useful for phenotyping subjects and revealing potential prognostic disease biomarkers.”
“The normally occurring loosening Selleck Belinostat of the pelvic joints with separation of the symphysis during pregnancy may give rise to pain over the symphysis pubis or/and over the sacroiliac joints. In contrast, increased mobility between the pubic bones and pelvic pain without any direct connection with pregnancy is rare and its etiology is unclear. The following is a report of a patient

who experienced symphysiolysis-like pelvic pain following the use of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system.”
“Object. Endoscopy plays an increasingly important role in minimally invasive neurosurgery. Visual feedback from the endoscope tip helps the surgeon prevent unwanted tissue contact. However, critical feedback regarding tissue deformation and trauma from proximal endoscope components is currently unavailable. A system for force feedback along the endoscope length could provide significant clinical benefit by warning of impending damage.

The authors manufactured and tested a novel pressure-sensing polymer skin for use in pressure feedback during intracranial endoscopy.

Methods. A photolithography process on a silicon wafer was used to produce a pattern of 80-mu m-tall extrusions to serve as a positive mold for the sensor array. A thin layer of polydimethylsiloxane polymer was molded onto these features. Demolding the polymer from the wafer and sealing with another polymer layer resulted in microchannels.

At follow-up, the mean VAS for the BTX group was -0.3, indicating the subjects’ symptoms were the same as at the start of the study. Conclusions: Periurethral injection of botulinum toxin in women did not effectively treat the pain of IC/PBS. While the results from this study are negative, there is still a valid rationale for further investigations of novel injection protocols given the dearth of current effective treatments. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30: 93-96, 2011. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.”
“Reconstruction

of extensive palatomaxillary defects with oronasal/antral communication represents a challenge to surgeons. www.selleckchem.com/products/selonsertib-gs-4997.html Bone-containing microvascular flaps have been suggested as a promising option for rehabilitation of function and esthetics. These types of flaps, however, might be associated with high morbidity. GSK3235025 research buy A combination of less complicated treatments might also provide acceptable results while diminishing potential donor site complications. This clinical report presents a bilateral maxillary defect with oronasal communication due to resection of malignant melanoma of the palate. The lost alveolar bone was initially reconstructed with a nonvascularized

fibula bone graft. After 6 months, the alveolar segment was subjected to vertical distraction osteogenesis to increase bone height. After a 3-month consolidation period, the patient received 10 dental implants and an implant-supported fixed prosthesis. To preclude graft harvesting morbidity for reconstructing the oronasal fistula, the frame of the prosthesis was designed to include 3 ball attachments on which a palatal obturator, merely covering the palate, could be stabilized. The removable implant-retained obturator restored function perfectly. During the 5-year follow-up, no complication regarding bone graft, the dental implants, and the obturator has been observed.”
“Objective: To compare different wording

approaches for conveying the strength of health care recommendations.

Study Design and Setting: Participants AC220 research buy were medical residents in Canada and the United States. We randomized them to one of three wording approaches, each expressing two strengths of recommendation, strong and weak: (1) “”we recommend,”" “”we suggest:”" (2) “”clinicians should,”" “”clinicians might:”" (3) “”we recommend,”" “”we conditionally recommend.”" Each participant received one strong and one weak recommendation. For each recommendation, they chose a hypothetical course of action; we judged whether their choice was appropriate for the strength of the recommendation.

Results: The response rate was 77% (341/441). Most participants, in response to strong recommendations, chose hypothetical courses of action appropriate for weak recommendations. None of the wording approaches was clearly superior in conveying the strength of a recommendation.

“
“Background: Outcome expectancies are a key cognitive construct in the etiology, assessment and treatment of Substance Use Disorders.

There is a research and clinical need for a cannabis expectancy measure validated in a clinical sample of cannabis users.

Method: The Cannabis Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ) was subjected to exploratory (n = 501, mean age 27.45. 78% male) and confirmatory (n = 505, mean age 27.69, 78% male) factor analysis in two separate samples of cannabis users attending an outpatient cannabis treatment program. Weekly cannabis consumption was clinically assessed and patients completed the Severity of Dependence Scale-Cannabis (SDS-C) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28).

Results: Napabucasin concentration Two factors representing Negative Cannabis Expectancies and Positive Cannabis Expectancies were identified. These provided a robust statistical and conceptual fit for the data. Internal

reliabilities were high. Negative expectancies were associated with greater dependence severity (as measured by the SDS) and positive expectancies with higher consumption. The interaction of positive and negative expectancies was consistently significantly associated with self-reported functioning across all four GHQ-28 scales (Somatic Concerns, Anxiety, Social Dysfunction and Depression). Specifically, within the context of high positive cannabis expectancy, higher negative selleck screening library expectancy was predictive of more impaired functioning.

By contrast, within the context of low positive cannabis expectancy, higher negative expectancy was predictive of better functioning.

Conclusions: The CEQ is the first cannabis expectancy measure to be validated in a sample of cannabis users in treatment. Negative and positive cannabis expectancy domains were uniquely associated with consumption, dependence severity and self-reported mental health functioning. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Familial Selleck ACY-1215 Mediterranean fever is a recessive autoinflammatory disease that is frequent in Armenians, Jews, Arabs, and Turks. The MEFV gene is responsible for this disease. We looked for MEFV gene variations (polymorphism and mutations) in a population that resides in Central Anatolia, Turkey. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes of 802 familial Mediterranean fever patients. The DNA sequence data were examined for approximately 150 different mutations and polymorphisms, including single nucleotide polymorphisms in different exons of the MEFV gene. The male: female ratio of these patients was 1.44:1. Mutations were detected in 48.1% of the patients; 7.5% were homozygous, 11.1% were compound heterozygous and 31.5% had only one identifiable mutant allele. No mutations were detected in 51.9% of the patients. The main clinical characteristics of the patients were: abdominal pain in 20.6%, arthritis in 22.9% and amyloidosis in 4.6%.

05). Adjusted analysis showed increasing AIN score on the first biopsy was strongly SN-38 manufacturer associated with an increased incidence of PGD (1.59; 1.02-2.47; p = 0.04) and RHF (2.45; 1.14-5.27; p = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS: Our grading system provides a simple, reproducible method for determining AIN. UW is associated with less AIN than Celsior solution. Early biopsy ischemia is associated with PGD and RHF. AIN may have prognostic significance and its routine evaluation should be considered. J Heart Lung Transplant 2012;31:410-8 (C) 2012 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. All rights reserved.”
“We estimated the potential benefits of advancing the first dose of pertussis vaccine

for infants from 8 to 6 weeks of age, using Australian national disease databases. Infants had notification rates 3-fold greater than the general population and accounted for 52% of recorded hospitalizations. Infants 1 and 2 months of age had notification rates 3.5 times (95% CI: 2.7-4.5) higher than infants 3 to 11 months of age. Estimation of acceleration of the vaccine to 6 weeks of age reduced

average notifications, hospitalizations, and hospital bed-days by 8%, 9%, and 12%, respectively, with larger reductions in an epidemic year.”
“Cobalt iron oxide nanotube arrays with various wall thicknesses were prepared by atomic layer selleck chemical deposition in porous anodic alumina template. Nanotubes uniform in thickness and homogeneous in composition can be obtained with aspect ratios on the order of 50. These nanotubes have a polycrystalline spinel structure. Both the mean grain size and the grain size distribution increase with the tube wall thickness. Correspondingly, their magnetic properties (remanence and coercive field) also have a strong dependence on the thickness for measurements carried out at 300 K. This dependence is attributed to the superparamagnetic behavior of the grains that constitute the nanotube. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3627369]“
“BACKGROUND: Ro-3306 Alloimmune-induced immune responses to self-antigens

are involved in the development of chronic lung allograft rejection. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) have been shown to modulate autoimmune diseases. This study investigated the effect of modulation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) a murine model of obliterative airways disease (OAD).

METHODS: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antibodies were administered intrabronchially to C57BI/6 mice on Days 1, 2, 3, and 6, and weekly thereafter. ACEI/ARB (10 mg/kg/day) were administered in water 5 days before antibody administration. Antibodies were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, cytokines by Luminex, Th-frequency by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot, and transcription factors by Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction.

This study investigates the potential of record linkage to enhance reporting of deaths among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

in NSW, Australia.

Methods: Australian Bureau of Statistics death registration data for 2007 were linked with four population health datasets Pevonedistat molecular weight relating to hospitalisations, emergency department attendances and births. Reporting of deaths was enhanced from linked records using two methods, and effects on patterns of demographic characteristics and mortality indicators were examined.

Results: Reporting of deaths increased by 34.5% using an algorithm based on a weight of evidence of a person being Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, and by 56.6% using an approach based on ‘at least one report’ of a person being Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The increase was relatively greater in older persons and those living in less geographically Nirogacestat remote areas. Enhancement resulted in a reduction in the urban-remote differential in median age at death

and increases in standardised mortality ratios particularly for chronic conditions.

Conclusions: Record linkage creates a statistical construct that helps to correct under-reporting of deaths and potential bias in mortality statistics for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.”
“Purpose of review

The capacity of the liver to regenerate and maintain a constant size despite injury is unique. However, the exact mechanisms are not completely clear. Cell transplantation has been proposed as an alternative treatment of liver diseases. Recent progress has been reported on the generation of stem/progenitor SB203580 solubility dmso cells that may differentiate toward the hepatic lineage. However, it is currently difficult to determine which of the stem/progenitor cell populations are the best for therapy of a given disease.

Recent findings

The limited access to donor human hepatocytes has led to a great interest in the generation of hepatocyte-like cells. Several potential cell sources have been identified However, general standardization

of the methods to evaluate these cells is particularly important for the promise of stem/progenitor-derived hepatocyte-based therapies. Moreover, innovations aimed at improving hepatocyte delivery, survival, and engraftment have recently opened the field of organ engineering that may improve liver repopulation.

Summary

Here we review current evidence reported from the perspective of potential clinical applications of different hepatic cell sources with repopulation capacities and the future perspectives and tools that can facilitate the translation of laboratory work into clinical success.”
“To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of diagnosis using sentinel node (SN) biopsy in T1 gastric cancer, a multicenter trial was conducted by the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG).

Sentinel node biopsy with indocyanine green (ICG) was performed in patients with T1 gastric cancer.