The development of inhibitory antibodies to human factor VIII in a significant minority

of patients with haemophilia A treated with concentrates derived from human plasma was already well recognized by the early 1970s. The treatment options at the time were limited to either infusions of high doses of human factor VIII or primitive prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) like Autoplex and Proplex. Neither of these options could guarantee control of haemostasis and the use of PCCs was also known to be associated with a risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism. A highly purified preparation of porcine Ceritinib solubility dmso factor VIII was developed in the early 1980s using polyelectrolyte chromatographic fractionation. This product was specifically developed to provide another treatment option for patients who had developed inhibitory antibodies to human factor VIII. The rationale was that porcine factor VIII was sufficiently similar to human factor VIII to work just like the natural product, but it was also sufficiently different in structure to render it less susceptible to inactivation by circulating inhibitory antibodies. The very early work was undertaken by Speywood Laboratories

in Nottingham (which later became part of the Ipsen group) in conjunction with researchers in Oxford. An attractive offer from the Welsh Development Agency persuaded Speywood to PD-1 antibody 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 set up its production facility for Hyate:C in Wrexham, where a fractionation plant was built to handle porcine plasma obtained from abattoirs in England [Figs 2–4]. The first published report of the clinical use of Hyate:C appeared in 1984 and described the successful use of the product in eight patients over an 18-month period [6]. A total of 297 infusions were given for the treatment of 45 distinct bleeding episodes. A clear advantage over other products was that measureable levels of factor VIII were obtained after infusion, which could be used to monitor treatment. In most cases,

the inhibitory antibodies against human factor VIII showed little or no cross-reactivity with porcine factor VIII. Where no baseline antibody against porcine factor VIII was detectable, the mean postinfusion rise in plasma factor VIII was 1.29 U dL−1 per unit infused kg−1. Furthermore, there was usually little or no anamnestic rise in antibody titre after treatment with Hyate:C, by contrast with the steep rise frequently reported after treatment with human factor VIII or activated prothrombin complex concentrates. Multiple and prolonged courses of therapy were used in this series without evidence of loss of clinical or laboratory efficacy. Apparently allergic reactions, including fever, were observed after approximately 10% of the infusions.

Reactions were repeated a minimum of three times. Mouse tissues were lysed in 2× total protein buffer containing 10 mM of Tris (pH 7.6),

1% NP40, protease inhibitors (Roche complete mini ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid [EDTA]-Free), and 2 mM of dithiothreitol. Then, cell lysates were sonicated and quantified using the Bio-Rad Protein Assay. Then, 40 μg of protein were loaded into each well and separated by 4%-15% sodium dodecyl sulfate Mini-Protean TGX gel (Bio-Rad). After transfer, the polyvinylidene fluoride membrane was blocked with 5% nonfat dried milk, then cut into two pieces. The upper panel was Fostamatinib clinical trial incubated with rabbit anti-β-galactosidase (CEDARLANE); the lower panel was incubated with mouse monoclonal anti-β-actin (Sigma-Aldrich) at 4°C overnight. After washing, the peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies were added for 1 hour at room temperature. Detection was achieved using SuperSignal West Dura Extended Duration Substrate (Pierce, Rockford, IL). Hepatocytes obtained from Sprague-Dawley Akt inhibitor rats were stained with PKH2 for cytoplasmic labeling, according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Sigma-Aldrich). After staining, hepatocytes were plated

on 24-well plates or T-150 culture flasks at a density of 1 x 104 cells/cm2. Fluorescence images of cells were obtained at predetermined time points on a Leica DMIL fluorescence microscope, using Leica application suite V3.1 software (Leica Microsystems, Buffalo Grove, IL). On days 1 and 14, the cells on flasks were collected and subjected to flow cytometry for quantitative analysis medchemexpress of their fluorescence. For flow cytometric analysis, unlabeled cells were used as negative control. Mean fluorescent intensity was

determined for each sample, and total fluorescence was calculated by multiplying mean fluorescent intensity and the total number of cells. The value of total fluorescence on day 1 was given an arbitrary unit of 1. Total fluorescence on day 14 was calculated in an identical manner, then compared with that of day 1. Triplicates were used for statistical calculations. For flow cytometric analysis of hepatocyte purity, cells were fixed and permeabilized by 0.2% Triton X-100. After blocking with donkey IgG, cells were incubated with an anti-albumin/FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) antibody (1:20; CEDARLANE) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The negative control was FITC/rabbbit IgG. Fluorescence-activated cell-sorting acquisition was performed, using a FACSCalibur flow cytometer (BD Biosciences), and data were analyzed using FlowJo 6.4. A statistical analysis was done by the Student’s t test to identify significant differences. A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Flow cytometric analysis of LDPC purity was performed in an identical fashion, except for the antibody, which was PE-conjugated rabbit anti-CD45 antibody (BD Biosciences).

“
“As magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) sonothrombolysis relies

on mechanical rather than thermal mechanisms Selleckchem Fulvestrant to achieve clot lysis, thermometry is not useful for the intraoperative monitoring of clot breakdown by MRgFUS. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the optimum imaging sequence for sonothrombolysis. In vitro blood drawn from 6 healthy volunteers was imaged using T1, T2 spin-echo, and T2 gradient-echo (GRE) sequences both before and after sonication using an Insightec ExAblate 4000 FUS transducer. Signal intensities of the three MR imaging sequences were measured and normalized to background signal for each time point. Representative samples of the pre- and postsonication clot were also sent to pathology for hematologic analysis. After sonication, the clot in the treatment tube was fully lysed as evidenced by physical and hematologic evaluation. The difference between pre- and postsonicated normalized signal intensity ratios demonstrated statistical significance only on T2 and GRE sequences (P < .001). However, significant blooming artifact limited interpretation on all GRE images. T2 is the most appropriate sequence for the evaluation of mechanical MRgFUS sonothrombolysis of an in vitro clot. These findings are consistent across the oxidative states of clot up to 48 hours. "
“To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of ruptured

Fludarabine cost spinal dermoid tumors with spread of lipid droplets in the central spinal canal and/or spinal subarachnoid space and to understand the underlying mechanism. The MRI features of 12-ruptured spinal dermoid tumors were retrospectively analyzed. A literature review was performed to analyze the reported cases of ruptured spinal dermoid tumors along with

our cases. The locations of dermoids in our series are all at or bellow T12 level. Of the 12 cases, 10 ruptured into the central spinal canal, 1 ruptured into the central spinal canal as well as the subarachnoid space, and 1 ruptured into subarachnoid space only. Free lipid droplets exhibited hyperintensity on T1 weighted images, hypointensity on T2 weighted images, and low signal on fat-suppression sequence. Spinal dermoid tumors ruptured into central spinal canal and/or spinal subarachnoid MCE space have unique MRI features. The absorption of lipid droplets within central spinal canal is rather difficult, and their movement is extremely slow. We propose that fatty components within the central canal of spinal cord may be partially associated with spinal dermoid tumors developmentally. “
“Fenestration in A1 segment of anterior cerebral artery is a rare entity. Treatment of aneurysms derived from a fenestrated artery may be more challenging because the fenestrations provide specific difficulties. A thorough radiologic work-up driven by high clinical suspicion is needed. Endovascular treatment, although it has been tried only once,7 appears to be the treatment of choice.

One patient underwent liver transplantation. One patient died from sepsis and complications of portal hypertension while awaiting liver transplantation. The probability of developing complicated liver disease within 5 years of the diagnosis of ASC was 25% (95% CI = 7%-70%; Fig. 2). The 5-year survival rate with the native liver from the time of the ASC diagnosis was 90% (95% CI = 47%-99%;

Fig. 3). We identified 44 patients with AIH. The incidence and prevalence of AIH per 100,000 children in Utah were 0.4 and 3.0, respectively. Complicated liver disease developed in 8 of the 44 AIH patients (18%) during follow-up. Three patients developed ascites, five developed esophageal varices, and three developed hepatic encephalopathy. Four patients required liver transplantation. There were no deaths. The probability of developing complicated liver disease within 5 years of

Belnacasan chemical structure the diagnosis of AIH www.selleckchem.com/products/Gefitinib.html was 15% (95% CI = 7%-33%; Fig. 2). The 5-year survival rate with the native liver from the time of the AIH diagnosis was 87% (95% CI = 71%-95%; Fig. 3). PSC, ASC, or AIH occurred in 39 of the 607 IBD patients (6.4%) overall. Liver disease was diagnosed a median of 1 month after the diagnosis of IBD (interquartile range = −35 to +48 months), as early as 10.2 years before IBD, and as late as 6.6 years after IBD (see Fig. 4 for details). PSC occurred in 28 of 607 IBD patients (4.6%), in 26 of 262 UC patients (9.9%), and in 2 of 317 CD patients (0.6%). ASC occurred in 9 of 607 IBD patients (1.5%), in 6 of 262 UC patients (2.3%), and in 3 of 317 CD patients (0.9%). AIH occurred in 2 of 607 IBD patients (0.3%), in 1 of 262 UC patients (0.4%), and in 1 of 317 CD

patients (0.3%). In summary, we 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 identified all cases of pediatric IBD, PSC, ASC, and AIH in Utah and described the intersection and co-occurrence of these related diseases in a population-based cohort of children. Our study has four major findings. First, we measured the incidence and prevalence of pediatric PSC, ASC, and AIH in Utah and provided estimates of disease frequency that were previously unreported. Second, we described the natural history and provided data on progression to complicated liver disease, and we added data to an area with data derived mostly from single-center reports. Third, we described characteristics of ASC patients and compared them to PSC and AIH populations, and we provided new insight into this subtype of liver disease. Fourth, we identified a high proportion of UC patients who progressed to complicated liver disease, and this has implications for the clinical care of UC patients. We calculated the incidence and point prevalence of the major immune-mediated diseases affecting children beyond the neonatal period. Our results largely mirror the incidence and prevalence from the few existing studies with pediatric data. The incidence of PSC was estimated to be 0.

1-year cumulative incidence rate of appearance of arterial flow in those nodules, 1-year cumulative incidence rate of diagnosis of HCC in the nodules and in the patients was analyzed. Result: 43 patients with 58 nodules were analyzed.22 male and 21 females were included. Median size

of the nodules was 9mm (range 4-15mm). Median observation period was 522 days (range 126-1580days).1-year cumulative incidence rate of appearance of arterial flow in those nodules was 8.6%.1-year cumulative incidence rate of diagnosis of HCC in the nodules was 17.2%.1-year cumulative incidence rate of diagnosis of HCC in the patients was 18.6%. Conclusion: Galunisertib 1year cumulative incidence rate of diagnosis of HCC in the nodules less than 15mm that show hypovascular in arterial phase and hypointense in hepatobiliary phase was low. The follow-up may be better for those nodules. Disclosures: The following people have nothing to disclose: Yoshihiko Ooka, Fumihiko Kanai, Sadahisa Ogasawara, Tenyu Motoyama, Eiichiro Suzuki, Akinobu Tawada, Tetsuhiro Chiba, Osamu Yokosuka Background and Aim: Accurate tumor staging for see more hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become increasingly important with treatment advances. In extrahepatic metastasis (EHM) cases, radical treatment was not indicated previously,

but sorafenib has been recently recommended. In advanced stages, although 18F-fiudeoxygIucose-positron emission tomography (FDG PET) can detect intra- and extrahepatic lesions with a single noninvasive scan, when this scan should be performed to determine treatment strategies is not clear. To set the indices for PET timing, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of HCC patients with FDG-avid primary lesions (PL) or EHM. Methods: Data from 64

consecutive HCC patients who underwent PET between April 2005 and November 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The patient cohort MCE had a median age of 74 [49-87] years; 41 men and 23 women; 7 initial occurrences and 57 recurrences; 14 chronic hepatitis and 50 cirrhosis cases; 46 HCV, 4 HBV, 4 alcoholic, 3 NASH, 1 AIH, and 6 unknown cases; and 15 Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0, 26 stage A, 10 stage B, 12 stage C, and 1 stage D cases. Patients were not treated for HCC for a month before PET. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the factors associated with FDG-avid PL or EHM detection. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of PET were 36%, 100%, and 39% for detecting PLs (p = 0.276) and 88%, 75%, and 80% for detecting EHMs (p < 0.0001), respectively. PET detected FDGavid PLs in 34% of cases (22/64: 82% [18/22], hypervascular PLs; 50% [11/22], serum a-fetoprotein levels [AFP] \≤ 200 ng/mL, and 50% [11/22], beyond the Milan criteria).

“
“Endoscopic examinations carry a potential risk of cross-infection, and the traditional reprocessing method is time consuming. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a novel disposable sheathed gastroscope system in clinical practice in comparison with the conventional gastroscope. Cell Cycle inhibitor There were two phases in the study. In phase 1, 20 patients with hepatitis B were randomized into two groups: the sheathed group was examined with the novel disposable sheathed gastroscope (n = 10) and the conventional group with the conventional

gastroscope (n = 10). Microbiologic tests were performed on each endoscope afterwards. In the second phase, 1120 patients were randomized again into the same two groups with 568 and 552 patients in the sheathed group and the conventional group, respectively. The time duration of the endoscopic procedure and reprocessing were measured. The pathology detection rate of endoscopic examinations, the patients’ subjective feelings, and problems occurred during procedures were also recorded. The total instrument turn-around time in the phase 2 sheathed group (9.9 ± 1.3 min) was significantly shorter than the conventional group (39.0 ± 1.4 min, P = 0.000). The mean procedural time was slightly longer in the sheathed group than in the conventional group (4.9 ± 1.4 vs 4.1 ± 1.3 min,

P = 0.000). However, the duration of endoscopic reprocessing was much shorter (4.9 ± 0.2 vs MCE 35 ± 0.2 min, P = 0.000). No significant RGFP966 cost differences were observed in patient discomfort, optical clarity, or pathology detection rate. There were no complications in either group, and no microbial contamination was detected in phase 1 of the study. Compared with the conventional gastroscope, the novel disposable sheathed gastroendoscope is safe and more efficient in clinical practice. “
“Aim:  Patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) frequently

have many co-morbidities including essential hypertension, which is reported to increase vascular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alter the hepatic anti-oxidant defense system. Since ROS play a role in the pathogenesis of NASH, it is hypothesized that hypertension modulates the hepatic oxidative status and influences the development of NASH. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of hypertension on the progression of NASH. Methods:  Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats as normotensive controls were fed choline-deficient (CD) diet for 5 weeks. Histological changes, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels in the liver were assessed in each group. Results:  Choline-deficient diet led to pronounced hepatic steatosis in SHR with an 8-fold increase of the hepatic triglyceride content, while there was no significant increase in WKY.

“
“Endoscopic examinations carry a potential risk of cross-infection, and the traditional reprocessing method is time consuming. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a novel disposable sheathed gastroscope system in clinical practice in comparison with the conventional gastroscope. GS 1101 There were two phases in the study. In phase 1, 20 patients with hepatitis B were randomized into two groups: the sheathed group was examined with the novel disposable sheathed gastroscope (n = 10) and the conventional group with the conventional

gastroscope (n = 10). Microbiologic tests were performed on each endoscope afterwards. In the second phase, 1120 patients were randomized again into the same two groups with 568 and 552 patients in the sheathed group and the conventional group, respectively. The time duration of the endoscopic procedure and reprocessing were measured. The pathology detection rate of endoscopic examinations, the patients’ subjective feelings, and problems occurred during procedures were also recorded. The total instrument turn-around time in the phase 2 sheathed group (9.9 ± 1.3 min) was significantly shorter than the conventional group (39.0 ± 1.4 min, P = 0.000). The mean procedural time was slightly longer in the sheathed group than in the conventional group (4.9 ± 1.4 vs 4.1 ± 1.3 min,

P = 0.000). However, the duration of endoscopic reprocessing was much shorter (4.9 ± 0.2 vs 上海皓元 35 ± 0.2 min, P = 0.000). No significant Inhibitor Library ic50 differences were observed in patient discomfort, optical clarity, or pathology detection rate. There were no complications in either group, and no microbial contamination was detected in phase 1 of the study. Compared with the conventional gastroscope, the novel disposable sheathed gastroendoscope is safe and more efficient in clinical practice. “
“Aim:  Patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) frequently

have many co-morbidities including essential hypertension, which is reported to increase vascular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alter the hepatic anti-oxidant defense system. Since ROS play a role in the pathogenesis of NASH, it is hypothesized that hypertension modulates the hepatic oxidative status and influences the development of NASH. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of hypertension on the progression of NASH. Methods:  Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats as normotensive controls were fed choline-deficient (CD) diet for 5 weeks. Histological changes, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels in the liver were assessed in each group. Results:  Choline-deficient diet led to pronounced hepatic steatosis in SHR with an 8-fold increase of the hepatic triglyceride content, while there was no significant increase in WKY.

Furthermore, it identifies an at-risk cohort (i.e. young, AA) with an increasing burden of a preventable liver disease and provides a framework for formulating healthcare policies. It is essential that the liver transplant community in collaboration with other stakeholders prioritizes and allocates resources to address and implement strategies to circumvent this emerging public health priority in the younger population.

Disclosures: Edson S. Franco – Grant/Research Support: bayers, gilead, eisai Erin Parkinson – Speaking and Teaching: Gilead, AZD5363 mw BMS Elizabeth Cece Fallon – Speaking and Teaching: Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Abb-Vie Pharmaceuticals Angel Alsina – Advisory Committees or Review Panels: Bayer; Speaking and Teaching: Bayer, Novartis The following

people have nothing to disclose: Nyingi M. Kemmer, Chris Albers, Husssein Osman-Mohamed, Jennifer Horkan Introduction: Primary Care Providers (PCPs) in rural areas report professional isolation and difficulty accessing educational opportunities. These factors contribute to symptoms of provider burnout in up to half of PCPs. As part of the Veterans Affairs (VA) Specialty Care Access Network-Extension for Community Health Outcomes (SCAN-ECHO) program, we launched a provider-to-provider Hepatology telemedicine consultation service to mentor PCPs caring for predominantly rural Veterans with liver disease. The goals of the project were to expand access to specialty care for rural patients, develop selleck kinase inhibitor PCPs’ clinical expertise, and promote primary-specialty care integration. Aim: To determine whether provider-to-provider Hepatology telemedicine consultation affects MCE公司 self-reported

PCP knowledge, job satisfaction, and integration with Hepatology specialty care. Methods: We conducted an email survey of VA-based PCPs in the rural Pacific Northwest who attended a longitudinal Hepatology telemedicine program (n=31). We used a validated single-question measure to assess professional burnout. Descriptive summary statistics are reported. Results: Surveys were sent to 63 PCPs of whom 31 reported participating in at least one SCAN-ECHO session in the preceding 24 months (response rate 49%). Of those, 61% had participated in SCAN-ECHO for at least 6 months. Most respondents were experienced PCPs with at least 2 years of practice experience, and 28.5% reported at least one symptom of burnout. All respondents (100%) felt that the program increased their knowledge and competencies. Most (86%) reported it improved the quality of patient care and that information learned was also useful treating similar patients not discussed in the program (83%). The majority of PCPs (86%) reported that SCAN-ECHO increased their overall job satisfaction. Most (71%) felt more integrated into a clinical team and 100% stated that they would recommend the program to a colleague. Most (69%) felt that the program increased access to specialty care for their patients.

Furthermore, it identifies an at-risk cohort (i.e. young, AA) with an increasing burden of a preventable liver disease and provides a framework for formulating healthcare policies. It is essential that the liver transplant community in collaboration with other stakeholders prioritizes and allocates resources to address and implement strategies to circumvent this emerging public health priority in the younger population.

Disclosures: Edson S. Franco – Grant/Research Support: bayers, gilead, eisai Erin Parkinson – Speaking and Teaching: Gilead, click here BMS Elizabeth Cece Fallon – Speaking and Teaching: Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Abb-Vie Pharmaceuticals Angel Alsina – Advisory Committees or Review Panels: Bayer; Speaking and Teaching: Bayer, Novartis The following

people have nothing to disclose: Nyingi M. Kemmer, Chris Albers, Husssein Osman-Mohamed, Jennifer Horkan Introduction: Primary Care Providers (PCPs) in rural areas report professional isolation and difficulty accessing educational opportunities. These factors contribute to symptoms of provider burnout in up to half of PCPs. As part of the Veterans Affairs (VA) Specialty Care Access Network-Extension for Community Health Outcomes (SCAN-ECHO) program, we launched a provider-to-provider Hepatology telemedicine consultation service to mentor PCPs caring for predominantly rural Veterans with liver disease. The goals of the project were to expand access to specialty care for rural patients, develop Selleck SCH 900776 PCPs’ clinical expertise, and promote primary-specialty care integration. Aim: To determine whether provider-to-provider Hepatology telemedicine consultation affects 上海皓元 self-reported

PCP knowledge, job satisfaction, and integration with Hepatology specialty care. Methods: We conducted an email survey of VA-based PCPs in the rural Pacific Northwest who attended a longitudinal Hepatology telemedicine program (n=31). We used a validated single-question measure to assess professional burnout. Descriptive summary statistics are reported. Results: Surveys were sent to 63 PCPs of whom 31 reported participating in at least one SCAN-ECHO session in the preceding 24 months (response rate 49%). Of those, 61% had participated in SCAN-ECHO for at least 6 months. Most respondents were experienced PCPs with at least 2 years of practice experience, and 28.5% reported at least one symptom of burnout. All respondents (100%) felt that the program increased their knowledge and competencies. Most (86%) reported it improved the quality of patient care and that information learned was also useful treating similar patients not discussed in the program (83%). The majority of PCPs (86%) reported that SCAN-ECHO increased their overall job satisfaction. Most (71%) felt more integrated into a clinical team and 100% stated that they would recommend the program to a colleague. Most (69%) felt that the program increased access to specialty care for their patients.

Furthermore, it identifies an at-risk cohort (i.e. young, AA) with an increasing burden of a preventable liver disease and provides a framework for formulating healthcare policies. It is essential that the liver transplant community in collaboration with other stakeholders prioritizes and allocates resources to address and implement strategies to circumvent this emerging public health priority in the younger population.

Disclosures: Edson S. Franco – Grant/Research Support: bayers, gilead, eisai Erin Parkinson – Speaking and Teaching: Gilead, Cilomilast manufacturer BMS Elizabeth Cece Fallon – Speaking and Teaching: Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Abb-Vie Pharmaceuticals Angel Alsina – Advisory Committees or Review Panels: Bayer; Speaking and Teaching: Bayer, Novartis The following

people have nothing to disclose: Nyingi M. Kemmer, Chris Albers, Husssein Osman-Mohamed, Jennifer Horkan Introduction: Primary Care Providers (PCPs) in rural areas report professional isolation and difficulty accessing educational opportunities. These factors contribute to symptoms of provider burnout in up to half of PCPs. As part of the Veterans Affairs (VA) Specialty Care Access Network-Extension for Community Health Outcomes (SCAN-ECHO) program, we launched a provider-to-provider Hepatology telemedicine consultation service to mentor PCPs caring for predominantly rural Veterans with liver disease. The goals of the project were to expand access to specialty care for rural patients, develop learn more PCPs’ clinical expertise, and promote primary-specialty care integration. Aim: To determine whether provider-to-provider Hepatology telemedicine consultation affects MCE self-reported

PCP knowledge, job satisfaction, and integration with Hepatology specialty care. Methods: We conducted an email survey of VA-based PCPs in the rural Pacific Northwest who attended a longitudinal Hepatology telemedicine program (n=31). We used a validated single-question measure to assess professional burnout. Descriptive summary statistics are reported. Results: Surveys were sent to 63 PCPs of whom 31 reported participating in at least one SCAN-ECHO session in the preceding 24 months (response rate 49%). Of those, 61% had participated in SCAN-ECHO for at least 6 months. Most respondents were experienced PCPs with at least 2 years of practice experience, and 28.5% reported at least one symptom of burnout. All respondents (100%) felt that the program increased their knowledge and competencies. Most (86%) reported it improved the quality of patient care and that information learned was also useful treating similar patients not discussed in the program (83%). The majority of PCPs (86%) reported that SCAN-ECHO increased their overall job satisfaction. Most (71%) felt more integrated into a clinical team and 100% stated that they would recommend the program to a colleague. Most (69%) felt that the program increased access to specialty care for their patients.