Wavelengths in the range 190–250 nm were scanned using 0.5 nm step resolution and 100 nm/min scan speed. The spectra recorded were collected and averaged over 1–6 scans. Measurements were recorded with the temperature kept constant https://www.selleckchem.com/Akt.html at 24°C using a quantum northwest TC125 temperature controller. Acknowledgements This study was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council to SN. The

authors are also indebted to Dr. Jesper Lind and Dr. Lena Mäler (Stockholm University) for their help with CD measurements, Dr. Tiago Selão (presently Nanyang Technological University, Singapore) for mass spectrometry analysis and Dr. Ekaterina Morgunova (Karolinska Institute) for the generation of a structural model of GlnJ. References 1. Arcondeguy T, Jack R, Merrick M: P(II) signal transduction proteins, pivotal players in microbial nitrogen control. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2001,65(1):80–105.PubMedCrossRef 2. Forchhammer K: P(II) signal transducers: novel Crenigacestat price functional and structural insights. Trends Microbiol 2008,16(2):65–72.PubMedCrossRef 3. Zimmer DP, Soupene E, Lee HL, Wendisch VF, Khodursky AB, Peter BJ, Bender RA, Kustu S: Nitrogen regulatory protein C-controlled genes of Escherichia coli: scavenging as a defense against nitrogen

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protein controlling nitrogen assimilation acts as a sensor of adenylate energy charge in vitro. Biochemistry 2007,46(45):12979–12996.PubMedCrossRef 8. Ninfa AJ, Jiang P: PII signal transduction proteins: sensors of alpha-ketoglutarate that regulate nitrogen metabolism. Curr Opin Microbiol 2005,8(2):168–173.PubMedCrossRef 9. Fokina O, Chellamuthu VR, Forchhammer K, Zeth K: Mechanism of 2-oxoglutarate signaling by the Synechococcus elongatus PII signal transduction protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010,107(46):19760–19765.PubMedCrossRef 10. Truan D, Huergo LF, Chubatsu LS, Merrick M, Li XD, Winkler FK: A new P(II) protein structure identifies the 2-oxoglutarate binding site. J Mol Biol 2010,400(3):531–539.PubMedCrossRef 11.