Using the current available information, the authors attempt to equip the practicing surgeon with critical information to increase clinical suspicion for heritable syndromes and inform specific surgical management. Additionally, this article is meant to encourage the practicing

surgeon to participate in the genetic testing/screening, cancer surveillance, and prevention activities BMS-777607 clinical trial of patients who have heritable cancer syndromes and associated pancreatic lesions that require surgery.”
“Background: High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is currently the only recognized premalignant lesion of prostatic carcinoma.

Methods: This review article discusses HGPIN, its link to prostatic adenocarcinoma, and the significance of its presence on needle biopsy. The criteria and clinical impact of the diagnosis of atypical small acinar proliferation on needle biopsy are reviewed. Certain subtypes of prostate cancer that are not associated with HGPIN are of clinical relevance, and the unique clinicopathologic features of these subtypes are discussed. Histologic variants of prostatic adenocarcinoma with distinct cell types are also described.

Results: HGPIN is the only known pathologic factor currently available to distinguish which patients may be at risk for detecting carcinoma

on repeat biopsy. Histologic variants are recognized due AICAR solubility dmso to the inference of a particular Gleason grade pattern associated with the cell type, hence affecting prognosis. Typically, pure forms of these histologic variants are associated with worse prognosis due to the associated high Gleason grades.

Conclusions: HGPIN has a strong association with acinar-type prostatic adenocarcinoma. HGPIN and acinar-type prostatic adenocarcinoma both show similar CYT387 molecular alterations, providing further evidence of their association.”
“Background: Data concerning the rate of pulmonary embolism (PE) in Asian patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation are sparse, and no study has shown predictors of PE in these patients. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was

to investigate the prevalence and predictors of PE in Korean patients with COPD exacerbation. Methods: Hospitalized patients with COPD exacerbations were prospectively enrolled into this study and underwent computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography and indirect CT venography. Results: The most common cause of COPD exacerbation was lower respiratory tract infection (82%; n = 84), followed by PE (5%; n = 5). Eight patients (8%) had venous thromboembolism, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was seen in 6%, with proximal DVT in 4%. On multivariate analysis, the absence of symptoms of respiratory infection and plasma D-dimer elevation (>= 500 mu g/l) were significant factors predicting PE in patients with COPD exacerbations (odds ratio 31, 95% confidence interval 2-563, p = 0.