This is an exciting time to be an andrologist and, likely, a fruitful one. Asian Journal of Andrology (2011) 13, 53-58; doi: 10.1038/aja.2010.63; published online 22 November

2010″
“In 2007, there was emerging toxic nephropathy due to melamine. Renal failure due to melamine crystal is noted in cases of melamine intoxication. In this article, the author studies the melamine crystal by the molecular docking technique and found that the size of crystal is a possible explanation for why the infantile population is more prone to develop renal failure after intoxication.”
“Purified Selleckchem Blasticidin S polyphenolic-rich extracts from four native Australian fruits, Illawarra Plum (Podocarpus elatus Endl., Podocarpaceae), see more Kakadu Plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell, Combretaceae), Muntries (Kunzea pomifera F. Muell., Myrtaceae) and Native Currant (Acrotriche depressa R.Br., Epacridaceae), were screened for their ability to modulate anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-activated murine macrophages (RAW 264.7). The Kakadu Plum extract inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and importantly was the only fruit in this study that displayed differential inhibition of the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 but not COX-1. Illawarra Plum (COX-2 and iNOS) and Native Currant

(iNOS only) also inhibited inflammatory enzymes, while Muntries exhibited none of these activities under the same conditions. All evaluated extracts inhibited the production of prostaglandin E-2 DMXAA solubility dmso and nitric oxide, suggesting the involvement of alternative pathways in their regulation for the Muntries extract Further molecular investigations, showed that Kakadu Plum inhibited the NF-kappa B pathway, but not the p44/42 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Collectively, these results demonstrate potential anti-inflammatory activities of native Australian fruits, in particular Kakadu Plum, in LPS-activated murine macrophages, thus confirming the potential biological activities of these fruits. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The

measurement or evaluation and clinical significance of human sperm morphology has always been and still is a controversial aspect of the semen analysis for the determination of a male’s fertility potential. In this review the background of the development of the evaluation criteria for sperm morphology will be discussed. Aspects of criticism on the strict criteria definition and use of the criteria for sperm morphology evaluation will be discussed as well as possible reasons for the decline in normal sperm morphology values and how we can compromise for this phenomenon resulting in the very low normal reference value as published in the 2010 WHO manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen.