Fractal dimension (FD) is a key characteristic of the brain dynamics which indicates the level of complexity on which the neuronal regions function or interact and quantifies the associated

brain processes on a scale ranging from fully deterministic to fully random. This study investigates the gender differences of brain dynamics, comparing fractal dimension of scalp EEGs Fosbretabulin manufacturer (in eyes-closed resting state) of 34 female and 34 male healthy adults. The results showed significantly greater FDs in females compared to males in all brain regions except in lateral and occipital lobes. This indicates a higher complexity of the brain dynamics in females relative to males. The high accuracies of 87.8% and 93.1% obtained by logistic regression and enhanced probabilistic neural network, respectively, in discriminating between the gender groups based on the

FDs also confirmed the great gender differences of complexity of brain activities. The results showed that delta, alpha, and beta bands are the frequency bands that contribute most to the gender differences in brain complexity. Furthermore, the lateralization analysis showed the leftward lateralization of complexity in females is greater than in males. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Resistance to apoptosis is one of the hallmarks of human cancers and contributes to the insensitivity of many cancers to commonly used treatment approaches. Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) AZD1080 order proteins, a family of anti-apoptotic proteins, have an important role in evasion of apoptosis, as they can both block apoptosis-signaling pathways

and promote survival. High expression of IAP proteins is observed in multiple cancers, including hematological malignancies, and has been associated with unfavorable prognosis and poor patients’ outcome. Therefore, IAP proteins are currently considered as promising molecular targets for therapy. Indeed, drug-discovery approaches over the last decade aiming at neutralizing IAP proteins have resulted in the generation of small-molecule inhibitors or antisense oligonucleotides that demonstrated in vitro Microtubule Associated and in vivo antitumor activities in preclinical studies. As some of these strategies have already entered the stage of clinical evaluation, for example, in leukemia, an update on this promising molecular-targeted strategy to interfere with apoptotic pathways is of broad interest.”
“Polysialic acids are implicated in various biological processes such as neural cell migration, axonal growth, synaptogenesis and resetting of the circadian rhythm. Recently, polysialation has been reported to be involved in the formation and resetting of the circadian clock. However, the genes that control the circadian rhythm of polysialation have not been elucidated.