FindingsNo measurable effects of the GP guideline on (dispensed) prescriptions were observed. Shortly HIF inhibitor after the start of health insurance coverage, an estimated increase in primary care prescriptions of 6.3 per 1000 smokers [95% confidence interval (CI)=2.9-9.8; P=0.001] and 17.3 dispensed items per 1000 smokers (95% CI=12.5-22.0; P<0.000) was accompanied
by a sudden drop in smoking prevalence of 2.9% (95% CI=4.6-1.1; P=0.002) in the first quarter of 2011. Immediately after the coverage abolition, smoking prevalence increased by 1.2% (95% CI=0.5-2.8; P=0.156) and dispensed prescription rates decreased with 21.6 per 1000 smokers (95% CI= 26.0-17.2; P<0.000).
ConclusionsFull health insurance coverage for smoking cessation treatment in the Netherlands was accompanied by a significant increase in the number of (dispensed) prescriptions of stop-smoking medication and a decrease in smoking prevalence.”
“Purpose
of review
A time-related negative trend in male reproductive function has been suggested. It has been hypothesized that this is due to exposure to chemicals interfering with the action of sex hormones. Also a negative effect of phytoestrogens on male fertility has been postulated. This review aimed to review the epidemiological evidence of deteriorating male reproductive function and summarize the most recent literature on exposure to endocrine disrupters DNA Damage inhibitor and phytoestrogens in relation to male fertility and/or semen quality.
Recent findings
There is no doubt that the incidence of testicular cancer has increased through the past 50 years, a decline in sperm counts, if any, may have leveled off during the past decade. There are some reports indicating negative association between exposure to certain chemicals and sperm parameters such evidence has not been found for phytoestrogens. The majority of these studies have been limited to assessing postnatal exposure.
Summary
Although possible
negative selleck compound impact of industrial chemicals and male fertility is an important issue on the research agenda, so far, it has no clinical implications. The future research should focus on looking at the impact of low dose exposure to a mixture of chemicals, two generation studies and gene-environment interaction.”
“Abdominal (central) obesity strongly correlates with (hepatic) insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Among several hypotheses that have been formulated, the portal theory proposes that the liver is directly exposed to increasing amounts of free fatty acids and pro-inflammatory factors released from visceral fat into the portal vein of obese patients, promoting the development of hepatic insulin resistance and liver steatosis.