“
“Axially symmetric flows with converging shock waves in conical solid targets of steel or lead filled by porous aluminum, graphite, or polytetrafluoroethylene under impact of an aluminum plate with the velocity from 2.5 to 9 km/s have been simulated numerically in the framework of the model of the hypoelastic ideal-plastic solid. Equations of state for all materials in question are used to describe thermodynamic properties of the impactor and target over a wide range of pressures and temperatures, AZD5363 taking into account phase transitions. The graphite-to-diamond transformation is

taken into consideration based on a kinetic model. Three different convergent cone configurations of the targets either with a closed cavity or with an outlet hole are analyzed. An appreciable increase of the pressure and temperature within the target cavity as well as of the ejected material velocity on decreasing the initial density of a sample is demonstrated in the simulations. Numerical results that can be compared with possible further experiments Rabusertib datasheet for verification of the predictions

are presented and discussed. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3605556]“
“Two studies with growing pigs were conducted using the regression analysis technique to estimate the true digestibility of P (TPD) in canola (CM) and soybean (SBM) meals, and quantify the effect of microbial phytase on TPD of CM and SBM. In each study, 48 (Exp. 1) or 36 (Exp. 2) 17-kg barrows were assigned to 6 dietary treatments arranged in a 3 x 2 factorial of 3 graded levels of CM (Exp. 1) or SBM (Exp. 2) at 132, 264, or 396 g/kg, and 2 levels of phytase at 0 or 1,000 units/kg. The total collection method was used to calculate P digestibilities.

In Exp. 1, phytase supplementation increased (P < 0.01) the apparent total tract digestibility of P in CM with values ranging from 26 to 33% without phytase and from 57 to 62% with supplemental phytase. Regression of digested P against dietary P intake resulted in a decreased (P < 0.05) TPD estimate of 34.3% for the diet without phytase than the 61.4% TPD estimate for diet with added phytase. In Exp. 2, phytase supplementation improved (P < 0.05) apparent total tract P digestibility for SBM with values ranging from 34.3 to 38.6% without phytase and from 68 to 71.2% with supplemental phytase. NVP-HSP990 True P digestibility estimate for SBM without phytase at 40.9% was different (P < 0.05) from that with added phytase at 70.8%. These results indicate a TPD of 34 or 41% in growing pigs fed CM or SBM and demonstrate that the addition of microbial phytase at 1,000 units/kg improves true digestibility of P in CM and SBM by 78 and 73%, respectively.”
“Background: Nutritional support has been recognized as an essential part of intensive care unit management. However, the appropriate caloric intake for critically ill patients remains ill defined.