This indicates that Me2SO inhibits the formation of hydrohalite due to a kinetic limitation of hydrohalite crystal formation and growth. We would like to thank Iris Riemann

for cultivation of cells. “
“Flow cytometry has been shown to be a valuable tool for assessing viability of individual cells in suspension. In flow cytometry, light is scattered by individual cells in a laser beam, and the light scatter properties of these cells distinguish cell populations. In addition, specific wavelengths are analyzed to probe fluorescent emission from surface markers on cells after specific labeling. Different characteristics of cells can influence the pattern of detected scattered light at forward and side angles. Forward light scatter has widely been used as an indicator of Selleck Autophagy inhibitor cell size as it has been shown that under specific conditions forward light scatter changes in relation to cell volume [16], [26], [27] and [43], whereas side scattered light is influenced by nuclear morphology and

cytoplasmic granulation reflecting the complexity of the internal structure of cells [6] and [28]. In analysis of flow cytometry data, the combination of forward and side scatter has been used to identify specific cell types and subpopulations [28], [38] and [48]. Common practice in flow cytometry is to identify and separate cells from background and debris using a trigger, also referred to as the discriminator, that is traditionally based on a forward scatter threshold [8] and [29], which assumes that forward scattered light correlates with cell or particle volume. However, a study of osmotic stress in hamster fibroblasts, granulocytes, and lymphocytes GBA3 Selleck Ribociclib showed that forward light scatter was inversely proportional to cell volume in anisotonic solutions [24]. The complexity of the cell and its properties suggests that size is not the only factor that affects forward scattered light [14]. Other relevant factors include the wavelength used to generate light scatter signals [19] and [30], the angle of detection of scattered signals [20] and [37], differences in the refractive index [39] and [41],

properties of the plasma membrane, and the presence of internal cell structures [25]. Light scatter is not the only option when utilizing a trigger for distinguishing cells; there have also been applications using fluorescence as a method of cell identification in flow cytometry. The fluorescence of nucleic stains and monoclonal antibodies have been combined with light scatter to identify damaged and intact cells in fixed flow cytometric samples [50], and as a variable to separate components of heterogeneous whole blood [49]. A study by Loken et al. [18] showed that in a light scatter distribution, the position of a peak of two attached cells was not double that of the peak for single cells, and this non-additive property was an indication that light scatter was not directly proportional to cell volume.