The myosin heavy chain (MHC) determines muscle fibre type and therefore efficiency. Immunohistochemical analysis has failed to take account of hybrid MHC expression within myofibres. This study sought evidence of differential MHC protein expression following supervised exercise for claudication.
Design: 38 claudicants
were recruited. Subjects undertook a three-month supervised exercise programme. Controls were patients awaiting angioplasty for claudication.
Materials and methods: Subjects underwent paired gastrocnemius biopsy. Relative expression of CP-456773 purchase MHC proteins was determined by SOS-PAGE electrophoresis. Non-parametric data is presented as median with the inter-quartile range and parametric as the mean standard deviation.
Results: Upon completion of the exercise programme there was a 94% increase (124 (106-145) to 241 (193-265) metres, p = 0.002) in maximum walking distance, which was not evident in the control
check details group. An 11.1% (p = 0.02) increase in MHC I expression was observed in the exercise but not the control group (34.3% +/- 6.8 to 45.4% +/- 4.4). There was a positive correlation between the change in MHC 1 expression and the improvement in claudication distance (r = 0.69, p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Supervised exercise training for claudication results in an increase in the proportion of MHC type I expression within the symptomatic gastrocnemius muscle: (C) 2012 European Society C59 for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND: The catalytic processes for valorizing the bio-oil obtained from lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis face the problem that a great amount of carbonaceous material is deposited on the catalyst due to the polymerization of phenol-derived compounds in the crude bio-oil. This carbonaceous material blocks the catalytic bed
and contributes to rapid catalyst deactivation. This paper studies an on-line two-step process, in which the first one separates the polymerizable material and produces a reproducible material whose valorization is of commercial interest.
RESULTS: The establishment of a step for pyrolytic lignin deposition at 400 degrees C avoids the blockage of the on-line catalytic bed and attenuates the deactivation of a HZSM-5 zeolite based catalyst used for hydrocarbon production. The origin of catalyst deactivation is coke deposition, which has two fractions (thermal and catalytic), whose content is attenuated by prior pyrolytic lignin separation and by co-feeding methanol. The morphology and properties of the material deposited in the first step (pyrolytic lignin) are similar to lignins obtained as a by-product in wood pulp manufacturing.