The clear advantage of analyzing lumbar vertebrae is the opportunity to measure both trabecular as well as cortical bone properties. Vertebral bodies should be observed as a functional unit; their stability is a result of the synergy between a cortical frame and an inner trabecular network. Thus, both structures resist force. Osteoprotective treatments may influence the trabecular as well as the cortical bone. The evaluation GSK2118436 of vertebral body bone strength without the cortical shell can therefore lead to unreliable results. Information regarding the benefit of the short-term effects of WBVV on lumbar vertebrae in animal models is rare. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that low-magnitude WBVV after short-term application

can stimulate bone formation in SHAM and OVX rats. Most parameters measured in this study resulted in improved bone quality after WBVV treatment. The differences were most pronounced in the biomechanical test, the ashing and the histomorphometric evaluation. Because of technical limitations (lower spatial resolution compared to μCT), the fpVCT prototype cannot detect all subtle changes of bone structure after short-term WBVV. With this fpVCT prototype, a spatial resolution of approximately 150 µm was achieved. The average trabecular thickness in rats is approximately 50 µm and the space between them is about 150 µm. With fpVCT, trabecular destruction can only be detected indirectly. The https://www.selleckchem.com/products/PD-0332991.html subtle changes

after WBVV should therefore be detected by μCT in the rat osteopenia model. Because ADAMTS5 of the different proportions of human compared to rat bone, fpVCT would be better able to analyze trabecular microstructures in humans. The improved trabecular microstructure after WBVV resulted in better biomechanical properties and higher ash-BMD values. Similar to previous studies in which vibratory stimuli positively influenced bone mass in post-menopausal women [24], we demonstrated that WBVV can serve as an anabolic signal to a skeleton independent of estrogen level. The results

of the presented study are consistent with the results of Rubin et al. [25], who found an inhibition of BMD decline in the spine following menopause. Gilsanz et al. [26] found an increase in bone of approximately 2% and an increase in muscle strength of about 5% in young women with low BMD after 1 year of vibration. These results are in contrast to those reported by Rubinacci et al. [27], who found that WBVV requires the absence of gonadal estrogens to be anabolic. In their study, they analyzed the effect of vibratory stimuli on rat tibiae. The discrepancy in the results of these studies could result from a different allocation of estrogen receptor α in vertebrae compared to tibiae, which has been shown to have increased expression in response to mechanical strain in vitro and in vivo [28, 29]. Torvinen et al. [30] did not find any effects after vibration after a 4-min vibration program in young adults.