Strong and widespread cross-network interactions www.selleckchem.com/products/sotrastaurin-aeb071.html occur during DMN MCWs (Figure 3), whereas weak or no interactions occur at other times, even when other networks are fully engaged (DMN column Figures 3A or 3B). The temporal scale of BLP correlation fluctuations is slow (∼0.1 Hz) but specific to the β and α bands. Metabolic activity within the DMN is commonly suppressed (or deactivated) during goal-driven behaviors (Raichle et al., 2001 and Shulman et al., 1997). However, many different sensory, motor, and associative

brain regions also exhibit paradigm-specific deactivations that co-occur with task deactivation of the DMN. Therefore, we note that the DMN is a hub of transient functional interactions across multiple networks both in the resting state and during goal-driven behavior. Spectral characterization of network communication is feasible with MEG but not with fMRI because of the sluggish hemodynamic properties of the BOLD signal (Boynton et al., 1996). Here, we show that both within- and cross-network MEG power correlation are stronger (as seen with MEG) in the α and

β bands compared to the other bands. For the DMN in particular, higher values of cross-network interactions were obtained Everolimus in the β band (Figure 2). There were also spectral-based distinctions between DMN and DAN, with the former spending more time fully engaged in the β band, whereas the latter is more often fully engaged in the α band (Figure 4B). This distinction is consistent with previous work that highlights an attentional role for α rhythms (Capotosto et al., 2009 and Klimesch, 1997), and a complementary role of α and β rhythms in relation to DAN and DMN (Laufs et al., 2003 and Mantini et al., 2007). To date, there have been few attempts to characterize the electrophysiological counterparts of fMRI-RSNs. A previous

electrocorticography (ECoG) study reported significant spatial correlations between fMRI RSNs and slow cortical potentials in the δ range, as well as interregional BLP correlation in higher frequencies (He et al., 2008). second Gamma BLP correlation has been observed in bilateral auditory cortex (Nir et al., 2008) consistent with strong interhemispheric functional connectivity in fMRI. MEG studies have emphasized the importance of α and β BLP in recovering MEG and EEG correspondents of the DMN and the DAN (de Pasquale et al., 2010, Laufs et al., 2003 and Mantini et al., 2007). Similarly, Brookes et al. (2011a) recovered MEG correlates of the fMRI-sensorimotor RSN and observed that the β band yielded the closest topographic similarity. Beta rhythms have been reported also to be the main driver of large scale spontaneous neuronal interactions at the MEG sensor level (Liu et al., 2010) and source level examined with ICA (Brookes et al., 2011b). Our results show the importance of β (and α) rhythms not only for within- but also for cross-network interactions in the resting state.