Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the main biogenic greenhouse gas contributing to the global warming potential (GWP) of agroecosystems and therefore requires a capacity to predict N2O emissions in relation to environmental conditions and crop management [63].It is evident that the CO2 efflux from any agricultural system is the net result of autotrophic fixation and heterotrophic respiration Ponatinib dna and as such depends on the combination of environmental conditions and management practices [56]. Closely related with respiration and photosynthesis, formation of CO2 impacted on environment temperature (r = 0.8), humidity (r = 0.8), soil pH (r = 0.7), and nutritional materials in regards with reports [23]. Produced CO2 has strong correlation with fertilizing rates (r = 0.8) in fertilized abandoned grassland.

In accordance with [2, 11, 64], CO2 emission still depended heavily on monomial fertilizers rates (r = 0.8) in seminatural and cultural grassland.According to IPCC [2] and Lehuger et al. [65], methane follows after CO2 and is second in order of importance with 23 times higher warming effect. Nonetheless, significantly large CH4 content could be observed in anaerobic conditions [53]. CH4 formation on well-drained soils is performed by aerobic microorganisms also, but there methane is oxidized by methanotrophic and nitrifying bacteria; therefore, higher content does not accumulate in well-drained soils [66, 67]. Due to this tendency, very low CH4 emission was observed in all investigated grasslands arranged in well-drained soils of training farm (Table 3).

Measured CH4 emission was negligible and ranged between 0.01 and 0.06��gh?1m?2 in fertilized grassland.As monocriteria methods cannot successfully cope with sets of indicators describing greenhouse gas (CO2, N2O, and CH4) emissions and thus determine the most compromise fertilizing schemes, a new multi-criteria method was employed. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) by applying additive ratio assessment (ARAS) method was used for choosing the most environmentally sustainable fertilizing scheme in seminatural grassland. The multi-criteria decision matrix (Table 4) was formed according to the above-described findings. The hypothetic ideal solution was defined according to (2). As generally used in agroecosystem evaluation [26, 53], there were selected two groups of indicators, each covering three environmental and productivity indices, respectively.

Hence, each indicator was attributed with equal significance coefficient of 1/6. Finally, the weighted normalized decision-making matrix (Table 5) was formed as a result of data normalization and weighing as defined by (3) and Anacetrapib (4), respectively. Table 4Measurement results in grasslands (initial decision-making matrix X). FM-fresh mass; DM-dry materials.