Methods: Female Dark Agouti rats (n = 8/group) were gavaged with water, Olive Oil (OO) or EO once daily (1 ml), injected with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) or saline on day 5 and euthanized on day 8, 9, 10 or 11. Intestinal villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD), neutral mucin-secreting goblet cell (GC) count, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and selected cytokines were quantified. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 5-FU significantly decreased click here small intestinal VH on days 8 and 9, compared to normal controls (p < 0.05). In 5-FU-injected rats, only EO administration significantly increased VH in the ileum (day 8; 33%), jejunum and jejunum-ileum (JI) junction (day 9; 29%

and 45%, respectively) compared to 5-FU controls (p < 0.05). JI CD was significantly increased by 5-FU on days 9 (20%) and 10 (26%), compared to normal controls. OO and EO administration further increased JI CD on days 9 and 10, compared to 5-FU controls (p < 0.01). GC count was significantly reduced by 5-FU (jejunum: days 8 [41%] and 9 [30%]; ileum: day 8 [47%]; p < 0.05) and EO increased ileal GC on days 10 (75%) and 11 (54%) compared to 5-FU controls (p < 0.05). MPO activity was significantly increased in jejunum (days 8 [277%] and 9 [137%]) and ileum (day 8; 6-fold) following 5-FU

injection, compared to normal controls (p < 0.05). Both EO and OO significantly reduced jejunal MPO on days 8 (OO: 45%; EO 62%) and 9 (OO: 71%; EO: 83%), however, only EO decreased ileal MPO

on day 8 (55%; p < 0.05). Cytokine levels were not significantly affected by either oil or 5-FU administration at the day 8 time Poziotinib mouse point (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Promotion of repair from injury could represent a new mechanism of action ADAM7 for Emu Oil, suggesting potential as an adjunct to conventional treatment approaches for cancer management. JE BAJIC,1 GS HOWARTH,1,2,3 EM PENASCOZA,1 SM ABIMOSLEH1,2 1Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, 2Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Gastroenterology, Children, Youth and Women’s Health Service, North Adelaide, Australia, 3School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia Introduction: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ingestion frequently manifests as inflammation and ulcerating lesions lining the gastrointestinal tract, which may result in fatal sepsis. To date, there are no effective treatment options. Emu Oil (EO) is extracted from emu adipose tissue comprising a fatty acid profile of oleic, palmitic, linoleic and stearic acids. The remaining composition remains undefined, although natural antioxidants such as carotenoids, flavones, tocopherols and phospholipids have been implicated. We have previously demonstrated the anti-inflammatory properties of EO in a rat model of ulcerative colitis (Abimosleh et al., Dig Dis Sci, 2012) and chemotherapy-induced mucositis (Abimosleh et al., Exp Bio Med, 2013; in press).