Methods and Results: The time-kill curve results showed that carvacrol and thymol at 200 mg l(-1) could inhibit the growth of E. coli. Flow cytometry and fluorescent dyes were used to explore the effect of two components on membrane permeability and membrane potential. In membrane see more permeability experiment, the mean fluorescence intensity of cells treated with 200 mg l(-1) carvacrol or thymol were lower than nonexposed cells. The ratio of red to green fluorescence intensity of DiOC(2)(3) reflected the change
of membrane potential. Carvacrol and thymol at 200 mg l(-1) caused the ratio of red/green decreasing from 0.42 of control to 0.08 and 0.07, respectively.
Conclusions: Carvacrol and thymol had desired antimicrobial effect on E. coli. The antibacterial effects were attributed to their ability to permeabilize and depolarize the cytoplasmic membrane.
Significance and Impact of the Study: This study showed the potential use of flow cytometry as a suitable method to investigate the mode of antibacterial action of essential oil components.”
“OBJECTIVE: To test a new tiny-tipped intraoperative diagnostic tool that was designed 1 to provide the surgeon with reliable stiffness data on the motion segment during microdiscectomy. A decrease in stiffness after nuclectomy and a measurable influence
of muscle tension were assumed. If the influence of muscle tension on the motion segment could at least be ruled out, there should be no difference Selleck 4-Hydroxytamoxifen with regard to stiffness between women and men. If these criteria are met, this new intraoperative diagnostic tool could be used in further studies for objective decision-making regarding additional stabilization systems after microdiscectomy.
METHODS: After evaluation of the influence of muscle relaxation during in vivo measurements with a spinal spreader between the spinous processes, 21 motion segments were investigated in 21 patients. Using a standardized protocol, including quantified muscle relaxation, spinal stiffness was measured before laminotomy and after nuclectomy.
RESULTS: The decrease
in stiffness PF-6463922 cell line after microdiscectomy was highly significant. There were no statistically significant differences between men and women. The average stiffness value before discectomy was 33.7 N/mm, and it decreased to 25.6 N/mm after discectomy. The average decrease in stiffness was 8.1 N/mm (24%).
CONCLUSION: In the moderately degenerated spine, stiffness decreases significantly after microdiscectomy. Control for muscle relaxation is essential when measuring in vivo spinal stiffness. The new spinal spreader was found to provide reliable data. This spreader could be used in further studies for objective decision-making about additional stabilization systems after microdiscectomy.”
“Aims: Antibiotics from Bacillus subtilis JA show strong pathogen inhibition ability, which has potential market application; yet, the composition of these antibiotics has not been elucidated.