, Leuven, Belgium) for measurement of lactate (Biosen C line, Sport; EKF Magdeburg, Germany) and pH with a Nova Biomedical STAT Profile PhOX Plus L Analyzer (Nova Biomedical, Waltham, MA, USA). The intra-assay CV was 3.0% for lactate and 0.1% for pH. Body composition Total body composition changes were determined using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device (DXA; Lunar Prodigy Densitometer, GE Lunar Corporation, Madison, WI, USA). This method can differentiate total body bone mineral density (BMD), total percentage fat, total body tissue mass, fat

mass, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC), and total bone calcium with CVs of 0.62, 1.89, 0.63, 2.0, 1.11, 1.10, and 1.09%, respectively [27] Jumping ability Maximal standing 5-jump was used to Selleck AG-881 measure explosiveness of leg extensor muscles in horizontal direction [28]. Maximal vertical jumping ability was measured using a counter

movement buy LY3039478 jump (CMJ) on a contact mat with a clock [29]. In both indoor tests the best performance of three trials (recovery from 3 to 5 minutes between the trials) was selected for the final analysis. Running tests Both 20 m and 400 m run were performed indoors. Acceleration running speed was measured with a standing start over 20 m. The subject was standing 0.7 m from the first photocell gate and then accelerated maximally over 20 m to the second photocell gate (accuracy of 0.01s in time measurement). The fastest run of three trials (recovery 5 minutes) was selected to the final analysis. The indoor track was 200 m on which each subject ran alone maximally 400 m. Running times were recorded with stopwatches by two experienced investigators, and a mean performance time (accuracy of 0.1s) was calculated for the analysis. Subjects were instructed and verbally encouraged to give a maximal effort for the performance. Strength tests Maximum strength (1RM) was measured in bench press with a free barbell and in full squat using a Smith machine. Strength endurance was measured performing

as many repetitions as possible using a 50% load of 1RM in both bench press and in full squat. The test order was as follows: bench press 1RM, bench press strength endurance, full squat 1RM, and full squat strength endurance. Recoveries between trials were from three to five minutes in each test and at least five minutes between different Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II tests. Continuous verbal encouragement was given during all the test Epoxomicin research buy performances. Statistical Analyses The Analysis of Variance (A Group-by-Time Factorial ANOVA) was used to assess statistical differences between the treatment groups. Data were handled as changes between the measurements before and after the treatments. Further, bonferroni corrected paired t-test was used to compare values before and after treatments. P ≤ 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Statistical analyses were carried out using the software program Systat for Windows (Statistics, Version 9, Evanston, IL, USA, 1992).