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"Introduction see more The National Heart Lung Blood Institute reports that an estimated 16 million adults are diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mainly caused by cigarette smoking, COPD was the fourth leading cause of death in older adults in 2004 [1]. By 2020, COPD is projected to be the third leading cause of death for both men and women. Among the comorbidities associated with COPD, osteoporosis is believed to affect 36% to 60% of patients with chronic lung disease [2–4]. The prevalence of osteoporosis and the risk of fractures increase with selleck worsening airflow obstruction. The relationship between obstructive pulmonary disease and osteoporosis is complicated. Both 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase osteoporosis and COPD share some common risk factors. It is unclear whether the associations between COPD or asthma and osteoporosis is independently related to poor pulmonary function or to the effects of related attributes such as smoking, corticosteroids, low body weight, poor nutrition, and physical inactivity. The objective of the present study is to evaluate whether a history of COPD or asthma is an independent risk factor for low bone mineral density, bone loss, and fractures in older men.