All tend to have phialides arranged in whorls and to produce whip-like sterile hairs. Trichoderma gillesii is known only from a single teleomorph collection; it is the only species in the clade that has been linked to a teleomorph and possibly is endemic to Isle de la Réunion in the Indian Ocean, although there has been little or no exploration for Hypocrea in East Africa and the Indian Ocean region. There is no practical way to separate T. flagellatum from T. gillesii; conidia of the single collection of T. gillesii are slightly narrower than those of T. flagellatum. 7. Trichoderma ghanense Yoshim. Doi, Y. Abe & J. Sugiy., Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus.
Tokyo Ser. B (Bot.) 13: 3 (1987). = Trichoderma parceramosum Bissett, Can. J. Bot. 69:2418 (1991). ≡ Trichoderma atroviride Bissett, Can. J. Bot. 62: 930 (1984), non P. Karst. Teleomorph: none known Ex-type culture: IAM 13109 SB-715992 = ATCC 208858 = G.J.S. 95–137 Typical sequences: ITS Z69588, tef1 AY937423 This species was first described from soil in Ghana (Doi et al. 1987). Bissett (1984, 1991c) described T. atroviride Bissett (non P. Karst.), later renamed
as T. parceramosum (Bissett 1991c), from soils of North Carolina and Virginia. Kuhls et al. (1997) could not distinguish the Entinostat ex-type PFT�� strains of T. ghanense and T. parceramosum by their ITS sequences and Samuels et al. (1998) synonymized the species. This synonymy was confirmed by the multilocus analysis of Druzhinina et al. (2012). Trichoderma Carbohydrate ghanense has not been reported frequently. Hoyos-Carvajal et al. (2009) did not report it from their survey of soil-inhabiting Trichoderma from South and Central America but we obtained several strains from soil under coffee in Peru and from natural and cultivated soils of Cameroon, Ghana and Nigeria, and a single strain isolated from peat in Italy. A striking aspect of T. ghanense is its tuberculate conidia. As distinctive as it is, there is considerable variation in this character. In most microscope preparations many or most conidia do not have visible tubercles and typically only one or a few tubercles are seen
on individual conidia. The grossly tuberculate conidia described by Doi et al. (1987) for this species are extreme. Conidia of an Italian strain (G.J.S. 05–96) are considerably smaller (4.7 ± 0.5 × 2.5 ± 0.4 μm) than is typical for the species (6.2 ± 0.8 × 3.5 ± 0.4 μm) but in the analysis of Druzhinina et al. (2012) this strain could not otherwise be distinguished within T. ghanense. Trichoderma ghanense is typically a soil species and has not been linked to a teleomorph. We have studied Peruvian strains isolated from trees and fruits of Theobroma cacao (cacao) infected with destructive parasites, respectively Moniliophthora perniciosa (Witches’ Broom Disease) and the pseudostroma of M. roreri parasitizing cacao pods (Frosty Pod Rot). 8. Trichoderma gillesii Samuels, sp. nov. Figs. 9 and 10. Fig.