12 Given that the mechanisms by which Alms1 FK506 mw mutations cause the phenotypes of Alström disease are incompletely understood at best, it is premature at this time to state that the results with the foz/foz mice are not unique to this mutation, but rather generally applicable to NAFLD. In their defense, the authors are careful to point

this out and couch their results accordingly. In conclusion, this work clearly supports the concept that cholesterol could, in principle, be a hepatotoxic culprit in NAFLD/NASH. Previous work by others has shown that dietary FC loading depletes hepatic mitochondrial glutathione and sensitizes the liver to cell killing via tumor necrosis factor-α or Fas signaling.15 Such a mechanism is in line with the observation in the current work that indices of apoptosis (cytokeratin-18) were dramatically higher in the foz/foz mice fed HFD with cholesterol (see Fig. 6A in van Rooyen DM et al.10). Whether these results translate generally to fatty liver diseases remains to be seen. However, even LY294002 in the case that these results do not, the finding that foz/foz mice are relatively normal when restricted to a low-fat diet may at least be useful information for the management of the metabolic disorder of Alström disease. “
“The main methods of treatment

for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Japan are hepatic resection, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Meticulous follow up is then undertaken to check for recurrence, which is treated using repeated RFA or TACE. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy has been introduced as treatment for advanced HCC, and the molecular-targeted

drug MCE sorafenib is also now available. Rigorous medical care using these treatment methods and early diagnosis mean that the prognosis for HCC in Japan is the best in the world. This paper reviews the treatment strategies for HCC in Japan. TREATMENT FOR HEPATOCELLULAR carcinoma (HCC) is peculiar in that, unlike other solid carcinomas, the treatment methods must be selected in consideration of the underlying clinical condition of the liver. A wide range of treatment methods is available, including hepatectomy, liver transplant, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), sorafenib therapy, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) and radiotherapy. These treatment methods can also be used in combination. This paper reviews the treatment strategies for HCC in Japan. MANY CASES OF HCC arise from liver cirrhosis, and are associated with deterioration in liver function. This means that in addition to cancer stage, hepatic reserve is also an important prognostic factor. This balance must be taken into account when choosing between different types of treatment.