11) † 6.67 (0.13) † 7.15 (0.13) † 7.12 (0.13) † 7.10 (0.13) 6.13 (0.12) 6.11 (0.12) 6.11 (0.12) Low SRWC (n = 9) 6.17 (0.09) 6.26 (0.14) 6.33 (0.09) 6.21 (0.10) 6.30 (0.08) 6.29 (0.12) 6.34 (0.11) 6.54 (0.11) † 6.60 (0.11) 6.16 (0.11) 6.11 (0.09) 6.09

(0.08) High SRWC (n = 10) 5.91 (0.16) 5.96 (0.18) 6.00 (0.16) 6.29 (0.17) † 6.57 (0.17) † 6.78 (0.11) † 7.21 (0.12) † 7.14 (0.14) † 7.25 (0.08) 6.07 (0.16) 5.88 (0.15) 6.27 (0.12) Low PRAL (n = 9) 6.56 (0.15) 6.40 (0.16) 6.46 (0.12) 6.41 (0.13) 6.50 (0.11) 6.50 (0.14) † 6.79 (0.20) † 6.88 (0.20) † 6.89 (0.14) 6.40 (0.10) 6.32 (0.15) 6.37 (0.14) High PRAL (n = 10) 6.04 (0.11) 6.02 (0.13) 5.99 (0.15) 6.19 (0.15) † 6.63 (0.14) † 6.65 (0.14) † 7.15 (0.13) † 7.18 (0.13) † 7.24 (0.07) 6.07 (0.12) 6.04 (0.12) 6.07 (0.08) Note: There were a total of twelve 24-hour urine collections labeled in the table as M1-M12, respectively. † Mean pH value selleck compound differed significantly (P < 0.05) from respective mean Pre-Treatment reference value which was an average of all M1-M3 values within the condition and subject group being evaluated. These Pre-Treatment reference values were as follows: 6.23 (all Experimental subjects), 6.35 (low PA), 6.12 (high PA), 6.33 (low SRWC), NVP-BGJ398 mouse 5.96 (high SRWC), 6.47 (low PRAL), and 6.02 (high PRAL). Fingertip blood osmolality and pH measurements for both Control and Experimental groups are shown in Figures 2 and 3, respectively. While blood osmolality

showed no significant changes for Control group, blood osmolality progressively decreased from the start to the end of the treatment period with the last two measures significantly lower than the pre-treatment reference value. The Control group’s blood pH also showed no significant changes while the Experimental group’s blood increased significantly

by 0.15-0.17 units by the second week of the treatment period. Similar to the observations described for the urine measures, blood osmolality and pH both returned to pre-treatment levels during the post-treatment period. Figure 2 Changes in fingertip blood osmolality across the three study periods. Blood osmolality values correspond each of twelve (i.e., M1-M12) fingertip collections. Values marked with an asterisk Dimethyl sulfoxide (*) differed significantly from the M1 reference values of 335 and 352 mOsm/kg for the Control and Experimental groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Short dashed lines represent one-side SE bars. Figure 3 Changes in fingertip blood pH across the three study periods. Blood pH values correspond each of twelve (i.e., M1-M12) fingertip collections. Values marked with an asterisk (*) differed significantly from the M1 reference values of 7.53 and 7.52 for the Control and Experimental groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Short dashed lines represent one-side SE bars.