All samples were calculated as means of duplicate determinations. DNA isolation failed for one animal in the pectin group, hence the three experimental groups were: Control (N = 8), Apple (N = 8), and Pectin (N = 7). Statistics Biomarker endpoints were tested for homogeneity of variance using Levene’s test

and for normal distribution by visual inspection of residual plots. Log-transformations were performed for data, which did not meet these criteria. The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used for datasets, which were not normally distributed or did not have homogeneity of variance even after log-transformation. buy BMS202 Other data were after ANOVA analyzed by LSM (least square means). These statistical analyses were performed using the SAS Statistical Package, ver. 9.1.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Statistical analysis of RT-PCR data was performed with SAS JMP version 6.0.2. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by a pair-wise multiple comparison of means (Student’s t). The significance level was set to P = 0.05. Acknowledgements The authors thank Bodil Madsen for excellent technical assistance, and Anne Ørngreen and her staff for professional handling of animals. This work was partly financed by the ISAFRUIT project (FP6-FOOD 016279-2) under the European Sixth Framework Program,

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