Again, on-call workers did not report the worst scores, as they were about as satisfied with their work as permanent workers. However, most of these contract differences were small, and Hypothesis 4 thus received partial support. Table 3 Health indicators (mean BV-6 scores) as a function of employment contract   Permanent Semi-permanent Temporal no prospect

Agency On-call Highest Cohen’s D a F Contract N = 17,753 N = 1,895 N = 1,017 N = 389 N = 466   Covariates           Age Age, Demand, Control Age, Insecurity Age, Demand, Control, Insecurity Overall (N = 21,520)             9.19** 6.41** 6.45** 9.02** 6.99** General health (1–5) 3.41 3.52b 3.51b 3.36 3.57 b 0.25** 14.08** 2.98* 2.80* 5.34** 6.21** Musculoskeletal sympt. (1–5) 2.02 1.95b 2.05 2.07 1.86 b 0.23* 5.90** 4.50** 4.98** 1.98 2.29 Emotional exhaustion (1–7) 2.00 1.85b 2.08 2.07 1.72 b 0.30** 16.22** 13.94** 13.98** 22.93** 15.01** * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01 aHighest significant Cohen’s D: difference between most ‘positive’ score (bold) and most ‘negative’ score (italic) bsignificantly different from mean score of permanent GPCR & G Protein inhibitor workers. Note that after controlling for other variables than age (i.e. gender, educational level, ethnicity, marital status, paid job—partner, occupation and contractual hours), F-values

remained significant and the explaining role of the quality of working life and job insecurity hardly changed (detailed Tables are available on request from first author). The Ns vary from 20,666 to 21,520 Table 4 Work-related attitudes (mean scores) as a function of employment contract   Permanent Semi-permanent Temporal no prospect Agency On-call Highest Cohen’s D a F Contract N = 17,561 N = 1,873

N = 1,004 N = 386 N = 457   Covariates               Demand, Control Insecurity Demand, Control, Insecurity Overall (N = 21,281)             42.80** 33.59** 30.08** 23.23**  Work satisfaction (1–5) 3.82 3.87 3.66b 3.59 b 3.83 0.31** 19.46** 12.51** 8.84** 7.60**  Turnover intention (1–2) 1.36 1.40b 1.49b 1.58 b 1.44b 0.54** 56.05** 61.80** 27.29** 34.07**  Employability Galactosylceramidase (1–3) 2.50 2.37b 2.31b 2.31 b 2.35b 0.32** 53.53** 25.17** 48.40** 21.74** * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01 aHighest significant Cohen’s D: difference between most ‘positive’ score (bold) and most ‘negative’ score (italics) bsignificantly different from mean score of permanent workers. Note that after controlling for other variables than age (i.e. gender, educational level, ethnicity, marital status, paid job—partner, occupation and contractual hours), F-values remained significant and the explaining role of the quality of working life and job insecurity hardly changed (detailed Tables are available on request from first author).