Among these 20 patients, HCC was located in the Spiegel lobe in eight patients, in the paracaval portion in another 10 and in the caudate process in two. We evaluated differences in the local recurrence rate and the incidence of complications associated with RFA between the caudate and the non-caudate groups. The 4-year cumulative

local recurrence rate after RFA in the caudate group and the non-caudate group was 22.3% and 4.5%, respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis of factors affecting local recurrence demonstrated that tumor size and tumor location (caudate or non-caudate) were independent significant factors. No postoperative IWR-1 research buy complications were observed in the caudate group, whereas 15 patients (2.8%) in the non-caudate group experienced complications related to RFA. We were able to safely treat HCC located in the caudate lobe by RFA. However, there was a high incidence of local recurrence, presumably because of the heat sink effect of the inferior vena cava and the restricted puncture approach. We should pursue a revised method to reduce local recurrence. “
“We read with great interest the results that the expression of circulating microRNA (miRNA) miR-122 was substantially higher in acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury (APAP-ALI)

patients, compared to healthy controls, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays with U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) as an internal control, as reported by Starkey Lewis et al. 1 However, serum miRNA expression

see more profiles generated from a large number of human samples by our laboratory indicate that circulating U6 snRNA is not a reliable internal normalizer. The accuracy of circulating miRNA 上海皓元 expression analysis critically depends on proper normalization of the data. Endogenous normalizer specific for circulating miRNAs have not yet been well defined. Although some cell/tissue miRNA normalizers, including U6 and miR-16, have been used in circulating miRNA data analyses, recent studies suggest that cell/tissue normalizers may not serve as circulating normalizers. 2 To identify the miRNAs with the most stable expression in human serum, we have evaluated 117 serum miRNA expression profiles from young, aging, and different disease conditions using a real-time PCR array system, based on a global expression mean normalization strategy. 3 Of 332 miRNAs detected in serum, 58 displayed consistent expression across all samples (Fig. 1A). Our criteria to identify ideal circulating miRNA normalizers includes (1) no statistical difference among all groups, (2) the smallest variation across all samples (standard deviation of |−ΔCT| < 1); and (3) relative high expression, closest to the global mean expression. 3 Three miRNAs, miR-374a, miR-374b, and let-7d, met all criteria (Fig.