enterica serovar Typhi CT18 and S enterica serovar Typhi Ty2 (>

enterica serovar Typhi CT18 and S. enterica serovar Typhi Ty2 (> 200). Figure 5 Alignment of the S. enterica serovar Typhi CT18, S. enterica serovar Typhi P-stx-12, and S. enterica serovar Typhi Ty2 genomes using progressive sellekchem Mauve [44]. Colored blocks in the first genome are connected by lines to similar colored blocks in the second … Genomic Islands (GIs) and Salmonella Pathogenicity Island (SPIs) There are 31 possible genomic islands (GIs) as predicted by IslandViewer (Figure 6). Analysis of these GIs revealed that most of the genes within the islands encode for hypothetical proteins. Eight Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands (SPI-11, SPI-2, SPI-16, SPI-6, SPI-8, SPI-4, SPI-7 and SPI-10) were found to be embedded in these GIs, whereas the rest of the SPIs spanned between the GIs.

Interestingly, the proteins found in SPI-8 are located next to the proteins of SPI-13, which is not classified as one of the predicted GIs. Three GIs within the coordinate 4,376,723 to 4,508,803 make up the total region for SPI-7. Figure 6 Genomic islands as predicted using IslandViewer. Predicted genomic islands are colored within the circular image based on the tool IslandPath-DIMOB, SIGI-HMM, IslandPick, and an integration of the three tools. A comparison between the SPIs found in strains CT18 and P-stx-12 revealed that the location of several SPIs in both genomes is different (Figure 7). Indeed, the orientation for SPI-6, SPI-16, SPI-5, SPI-18, SPI-2, SPI-11, SPI-12, and SPI-17 was inverted in both genomes. These SPIs fall within the inverted genomic regions shown in Figure 5.

Figure 7 Distribution of SPIs in S. enterica serovar Typhi CT18 and S. enterica serovar Typhi P-stx-12. Prophage Regions Prophage are one of the diverse mobile genetic elements that are acquired through horizontal gene transfer. These prophage genes are involved in lysogenic conversion. PHAST (PHAge Search Tool) was used to identify the prophage regions of S. enterica serovar Typhi P-stx-12. Based on the analysis, five predicted prophage regions (three intact, two partial) were identified in the genome. The three intact prophage regions have the size of 44.2 kb, 50.8kb, and 68.2 kb, respectively. These regions consist of a total of 165 coding sequences for the phages phage_Gifsy_2 and Enterobacteria_phage_Fels2. In comparison, S. enterica serovar Typhi CT18 and S.

enterica serovar Typhi Ty2 each have eight predicted prophage regions. Out of the eight regions, only four intact regions (247 proteins) were found in S. enterica serovar Typhi CT18 whereas three intact regions (170 proteins) were found in S. enterica serovar Typhi Ty2. The phage regions of S. enterica serovar Typhi P-stx-12 are the same types as those found in S. enterica serovar Typhi Ty2, while S. enterica serovar Typhi CT18 carries an additional phage region of the Enterobacteria_phage_SfV type. A summary of the GSK-3 prophage regions in each genome is shown in Table 5.

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